Addition E · The king's second letter · Greek after 8:12 · unit 11
The king finds the Jews innocent, living by just laws, sons of the living God.
Rahlfs 8:12k (lettering not yet checked against Rahlfs) · Swete, Esther 8.1a–24a · .txt · .json
ἡμεῖς δὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ τρισαλιτηρίου παραδεδομένους εἰς ἀφανισμὸν Ἰουδαίους εὑρίσκομεν οὐ κακούργους ὄντας, δικαιοτάτοις δὲ πολιτευομένους νόμοις, ὄντας δὲ υἱοὺς τοῦ ὑψίστου μεγίστου ζῶντος θεοῦ τοῦ κατευθύνοντος ἡμῖν τε καὶ τοῖς προγόνοις ἡμῶν τὴν βασιλείαν ἐν τῇ καλλίστῃ διαθέσει.
But we find that the Jews, handed over to destruction by this thrice-accursed man, are not evildoers, but govern themselves by the most just laws, and are sons of the Most High, the greatest, living God, who directs the kingdom for us and for our ancestors in the finest order.draft English
What the rabbinic bench shows
2 verbatim · 8 motif · 3 flagged · 4 candidates examined and rejected.
- Medieval retranslation: the Additions re-entered Hebrew from Latin (Sefer Yosippon, c. 953; ben Makhir), so this is not ancient reception
- Aramaic: carried by a targum; how the targum came by it is open
- Oral: shared narrative tradition, thematic rather than literary contact
- Lost intermediary: an earlier written aggadic source, no longer extant, stands between
Verbatim
'שנראה אותם מחזיקים בדת יושר. ובני עליון ואלהים חיים' renders Addition E's apologetic 'sons of the Most High, the living God' language, foreign to MT.
Show the witness text (517 words)
Targum Sheni 8:13 reproduces Addition E clause by clause in the Greek's order (review §3); verbatim under the written standard.
Show the witness text (263 words)
Motif — candidate parallels
Unverified at pair level: in a seeded sample of forty motif pairs, 58% failed the study's own test. Read each as a candidate.
A gentile voice conceding 'if he is of the seed of the Jews you will not prevail' matches the king's concession that the Jews are 'sons of the living God.'
Show the witness text (14 words)
Michael's defense that Israel is accused not of idolatry or bloodshed but of keeping God's law matches the plus's royal finding that the Jews are no evildoers but govern themselves by the most just laws, sons of the living God; not MT material.
Text not reproduced: licence not stated — research only, never published verbatim. Consult Yalkut Shimoni on Esther (Remez 1046-1061) at the reference above.
The same specific list of religious observances supports the plus's claim that the Jews govern themselves by 'the most just laws.'
Show the witness text (17 words)
Ahasuerus refuses to sell the Jews because they are a deposit (pikadon) entrusted to him and because their God destroyed Pharaoh, Sisera, Sennacherib and Nebuchadnezzar -- the Persian king's own confession that the Jews' God protects them, matching Addition E's finding that they are 'sons of the living God.'
Show the witness text (250 words)
'Israel occupied themselves with Torah, the nations did not' matches the plus's finding that the Jews 'govern themselves by the most just laws.'
Show the witness text (25 words)
Both mount the identical non-MT defense that the Jews are indicted for no chargeable conduct except keeping the law/Torah -- Michael's brief and Addition E's verdict take the same argument-shape, which MT never adjudicates at all.
Show the witness text (61 words)
Esther identifies her people to the king as 'the nation of the Jews, called the sons of the Master of all' -- matching Addition E's 'sons of the Most High, the greatest, living God.'
Show the witness text (34 words)
Ahasuerus tells Haman 'you have no business with them but with the Holy One' -- the king's own acknowledgment that the Jews answer to God alone, matching Addition E's finding that they are 'sons of the Most High, the living God who directs the kingdom for us.'
Show the witness text (42 words)
Flagged for further study (3)
The assembled sages refuse Haman's request and vindicate Israel as God's 'near ones' whom the world cannot stand without, matching the counter-edict's finding that the Jews are not evildoers but sons of the living God -- the same vindication-within-the-letter-scene.
Show the witness text (1424 words)
MT never has the Persian king speak of God; both here and in Addition E's letter the king himself concedes the Jews' God is great and protects them -- a shared non-MT theological move in the same speaker's mouth.
Show the witness text (493 words)
Ahasuerus refuses to sell the Jews because their God destroyed Pharaoh, Sisera, Sennacherib and Nebuchadnezzar -- the Persian king's own confession that the Jews' God protects and empowers them, matching Addition E's finding that they are 'sons of the living God' who 'directs the kingdom.'
Show the witness text (230 words)
Hebrew retroversions
Machine-assisted reconstructions of a Hebrew the Greek might render, made under Tov's principles and used only as search queries. They are hypotheses, not evidence.
ואנחנו מצאנו כי היהודים אשר נתנם האיש הארור הזה לאבדן אינם עשי רעה כי אם מתהלכים בדתות צדק ובנים הם לאל עליון גדול וחי אשר הכין לנו ולאבתינו את המלכות במיטב סדרה
ואנחנו מצאנו את היהודים אשר מסרם המנאץ הזה לכליון כי לא רעים המה כי אם הלכים בחקים ישרים מאד ובני אל עליון חי הם אשר יכונן לנו ולאבותינו את המלכות במישרים