Addition E · The king's second letter · Greek after 8:12 · unit 12
The king voids Haman's letters; Haman has already been crucified with his household.
Rahlfs 8:12l (lettering not yet checked against Rahlfs) · Swete, Esther 8.1a–24a · .txt · .json
καλῶς οὖν ποιήσετε μὴ προσχρησάμενοι τοῖς ὑπὸ Ἀμὰν Ἀμαδάθου ἀποσταλεῖσι γράμμασιν, διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν τὸν ταῦτα ἐξεργασάμενον πρὸς ταῖς Σούσων πύλαις ἐσταυρῶσθαι σὺν τῇ πανοικίᾳ, τὴν καταξίαν τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐπικρατοῦντος θεοῦ διὰ τάχους ἀποδόντος αὐτῷ κρίσιν·
You will therefore do well not to act on the letters sent by Haman son of Hammedatha, since he who devised these things has been crucified at the gates of Susa together with his whole household, God who rules over all things having swiftly rendered him the judgment he deserved;draft English
What the rabbinic bench shows
2 verbatim · 9 motif · 9 flagged · 14 candidates examined and rejected.
- Medieval retranslation: the Additions re-entered Hebrew from Latin (Sefer Yosippon, c. 953; ben Makhir), so this is not ancient reception
- Aramaic: carried by a targum; how the targum came by it is open
- Lost intermediary: an earlier written aggadic source, no longer extant, stands between
- Oral: shared narrative tradition, thematic rather than literary contact
Verbatim
'הנה הוא תלוי על העץ אל עיר שושן' renders Addition E's distinctive detail that Haman was already executed at the gates of Susa, a location MT does not give.
Show the witness text (517 words)
Targum Sheni 8:13 reproduces Addition E clause by clause in the Greek's order (review §3); verbatim under the written standard.
Show the witness text (263 words)
Motif — candidate parallels
Unverified at pair level: in a seeded sample of forty motif pairs, 58% failed the study's own test. Read each as a candidate.
Haman and his ten sons are hanged together on one measured fifty-cubit beam, a single combined execution — matching the plus's 'crucified... together with his whole household' more specifically than MT's separated battle-then-hanging sequence in chapter 9.
Text not reproduced: licence not stated — research only, never published verbatim. Consult Yalkut Shimoni on Esther (Remez 1046-1061) at the reference above.
The targum's gibbet diagram crucifies Haman together with his ten sons on one beam, matching the plus's claim that he was destroyed 'together with his whole household,' against MT's separate hanging of the sons after battle.
Show the witness text (196 words)
Mordecai takes Haman from the king's gate to crucify him, a specific location matching Addition E's notice of the crucifixion at the gates of Susa.
Show the witness text (496 words)
Haman and all ten sons are crucified together, tier by tier, on one fifty-cubit gallows -- the specific whole-household execution matching Addition E's 'crucified together with his whole household.'
Show the witness text (186 words)
The midrash describes Haman's death with the specific vocabulary of crucifixion (nitzlav), 'tomorrow Haman is crucified,' matching the Greek's distinctive esaurōsthai for Haman's end rather than simple hanging (talah), which MT uses throughout.
Show the witness text (71 words)
Haman specifically chooses crucifixion (tzelivah), reasoning God rescues from fire, sword, and sea but not from the cross -- matching the Greek's distinctive vocabulary of crucifixion (estaurōsthai) for Haman's own end, which MT nowhere uses (MT has only talah, hanging).
Show the witness text (128 words)
Haman's daughter's death alongside his humiliation supports the plus's report that Haman's household was destroyed together with him.
Show the witness text (47 words)
'A gallows -- in one row, each below the other' describes the household hanged together, matching Addition E's 'crucified ... together with his whole household.'
Show the witness text (9 words)
'כולהו עשרה בחד זקיפא אזדקיפו' — all ten sons hanged together on a single stake — matches the plus's combined execution of Haman 'together with his whole household' more specifically than MT's separated battle-then-hanging sequence.
Text not reproduced: licence not stated — research only, never published verbatim. Consult Yalkut Shimoni on Esther (Remez 1046-1061) at the reference above.
Flagged for further study (9)
The witness extends Haman's ruin explicitly to his household (friends and Zeresh his wife, 'ke-gelalo la-netzach'), matching the plus's 'crucified... together with his whole household' -- an extension beyond MT, which names only the ten sons.
Show the witness text (137 words)
God breaks the seal, tears the letter, frustrates Haman's plan, and Haman is hanged -- matching the counter-edict's annulment of Haman's letters and the swift judgment rendered on him, a supernatural undoing of the decree MT does not narrate this way.
Show the witness text (573 words)
God takes and tears the letters, annulling the decree, while Haman is destroyed on his own gallows and his household falls (his daughter dies) -- matching the counter-edict's revocation of Haman's letters and judgment on him 'together with his whole household.'
Show the witness text (660 words)
Haman's ten sons dying together ('their souls fell as one') matches Addition E's notice that he was crucified 'together with his whole household.'
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God specifically 'breaks the seals and tears up Haman's written letters, annulling the decree' -- the same concrete act of voiding Haman's letters that Addition E's royal rescript performs, a specific narrative action MT does not supply (MT merely issues a counter-decree, without describing the physical undoing of Haman's letters).
Show the witness text (47 words)
'ותלו אותו ואת בניו על העץ' (they hanged him and his sons on the tree, as one act) diverges from MT's own separated chronology (Haman hanged in ch.7, sons slain/hanged later in ch.9) and instead matches Addition E's compressed claim that Haman 'has been crucified...together with his whole household.'
Show the witness text (144 words)
ER consistently renders Haman's punishment with צלב (crucify) rather than MT's own תלה (hang) — 'גורלך עולה להצלב' — matching Addition E's ἐσταύρωται (has been crucified), a shared departure from MT's own vocabulary reflecting a later, Greco-Roman-inflected reading of the penalty.
Show the witness text (898 words)
A bat kol declares 'tomorrow that man will be crucified' (nitzlav), using specifically crucifixion vocabulary for Haman's end rather than MT's simple hanging (talah) -- the same distinctive lexical choice as the Greek's estaurōsthai.
Show the witness text (127 words)
'שבר את החותמות וקרע את האגרת והפר עצתו' — physically annulling Haman's sealed letters — matches the very device of Addition E's second letter, 'do not act on the letters sent by Haman'; MT's solution is a second decree, not annulment of the first.
Text not reproduced: licence not stated — research only, never published verbatim. Consult Yalkut Shimoni on Esther (Remez 1046-1061) at the reference above.
Hebrew retroversions
Machine-assisted reconstructions of a Hebrew the Greek might render, made under Tov's principles and used only as search queries. They are hypotheses, not evidence.
ועתה תיטיבו לעשות לבלתי עשות ככתבים אשר שלח המן בן המדתא יען כי העשה את אלה נתלה על העץ בשערי שושן הוא וכל ביתו ואלהים המושל בכל שלם לו במהרה כמשפטו
ועל כן תעשו טוב לבלתי שים לב אל האגרות אשר שלח המן בן המדתא כי האיש אשר עשה את הדברים האלה נתלה על העץ אשר לפני שערי שושן עם כל ביתו והאלהים אשר לו הממשלה בכל נתן לו במהרה את גמולו